Fig 1: TWEAK increases MMP-9 expression and activity in cultured VSMC and BMDM. A, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis on MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13 in cultured VSMC from WT and Fn14 KO mice. Values shown are mean±SE of 3 independent experiments. B, Gelatin gel zymography to detect MMP activities in supernatants from cultured VSMC of WT and Fn14 KO mice in the absence or presence of TWEAK (100 ng/mL). C, Densitometric analysis of MMP activity in VSMC. Values shown are mean±SE of 3 independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs no TWEAK. D, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis on MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13 in cultured BMDM from WT and Fn14 KO mice. Values shown are mean±SE of 4 independent experiments. E, Gelatin gel zymography to detect MMP activities in supernatants from cultured BMDM of WT and Fn14 KO mice in the absence or presence of TWEAK (100 ng/mL). F, Densitometric analysis of MMP activity in BMDM. Values shown are mean±SE of 4 independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs no TWEAK. BMDM indicates bone marrow-derived macrophages; KO, knockout; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Mw, molecular weight; TWEAK, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells; WT, wild type.